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You are here: Home / Estate Planning / What Happens When A Child Is Not Mentioned In A Trust?

What Happens When A Child Is Not Mentioned In A Trust?

When leaving a gift to a child in a will, people often want the gift to pass to the child’s children should the child die before the grantor.  In fact, New Hampshire has a statute stating that if a child is not mentioned in a will, and the child is not expressly excluded from the will, then that child receives whatever gift he or she would have received had the decedent died without a will.  The statute is commonly known as the “pretermitted heir” statute, and is found at RSA 551:10.

But what happens if a child is not mentioned in a trust?  The New Hampshire Trust Code, RSA 564-B, is silent on that issue, but RSA 564-B:1-112 does state that “rules of construction” applicable to the disposition of property by will shall apply to trusts as well.  Does this mean if a child is not named in a trust, RSA 551:10 should apply, thus giving the grandchild what the child would have received had the deceased died intestate?

In Re: The Teresa E. Craig Living Trust

The New Hampshire Supreme Court answered that question in the case of In Re: The Teresa E. Craig Living Trust, decided September 7, 2018.  The Court concluded RSA 551:10 does not apply to trusts; therefore, if a pretermitted child is not mentioned in the trust, the child receives no gift.  Put another way, unless a child is specifically mentioned in the trust, the child receives no gift.

The Court drew a distinction between rules of construction and rules of law.  It determined RSA 551:10 was a rule of law.  As a rule of law, the Court had little discretion but to apply the statute literally.  RSA 551:10 expressly uses the terms “will” and “testator,” both of which do not apply to trusts.  A “testator” makes a will; therefore, the statute only applies to wills.  (The terms “settlor” and “trust” would be analogous to “testator” and “will” in wills.)

Had the Court concluded RSA 551:10 was a rule of construction, it may have had more latitude in deciding whether to apply it to trusts.

Paul J. Alfano, Esq.  Paul can be reached at paul@alfanolawoffice.com or (603) 226-1188.

Filed Under: Estate Planning, General Tagged With: intestate, pretermitted heir, trust, will

The above information is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice.

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